新疆沙冬青种子特性分析及萌发条件的优化选择

以生长在新疆乌恰县境内的新疆沙冬青种子为研究对象，进行了种子特性以及萌发条件优化选择的初步研究，结果表明：其果荚天然虫蛀率为63.67％，籽粒天然虫蛀率为25．16％，籽粒天然结实率为76．21％，籽粒的种径大小为长（6．232±0.14）mm，宽（4．917±0．25）mm，厚（1．609±0．1）mm，瘦籽率为3．15％，饱满种子千粒重为35．63g，瘦籽千粒重为18．36g。根据所测定的各处理的种子发芽率和种子发芽指数高低来优化选择最适宜的种子萌发条件，优化选择的结果：种子播种深度为2cm、土壤含水量为20％、温度与光照条件为30℃／10℃．14h／10h。     

耗竭土壤钾素的固定及对棉花钾素营养的作用

用室内模拟和生物耗竭的方法研究了土壤中钾素的变化，试验结果表明，淹水可以减少土壤对外源钾素的固定，淹水比20％田间含水量钾素的固定减少2－29mg/kg。当土壤经过干湿以后，土壤会发生明显的固定钾作用，土壤含钾量越高，固定钾能力越强。棉花吸收的钾素中有80％来自于土壤非交换性钾，盆栽生物耗竭与连续种植10年棉花的田间土壤，具有相同的结果，土壤交换性钾在下降到一定程度后不再下降，而1mol/L HNO3不能提取的钾（层间钾）一直在下降。     

营养液条件下油酸对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

水培条件下，研究不同油酸水平对黄瓜幼苗生长的直接影响。与对照相比，生物量和生理指标等表明，油酸10μL/L水平对黄瓜生长几乎没有负面影响，而油酸水平为100，500，1000μL/L则表现出一定的抑制效应。其中，1000μL/L水平中黄瓜的生长明显受到抑制。试验还表明，油酸对黄瓜幼苗没有表现出直接的生长刺激效应。     

马铃薯晚疫病发生因素研究

世界各地种植马铃薯的地区,都有晚疫病的发生,不同地区晚疫病发生因素不尽相同,损失程度也由多方面因素决定的。作者结合部分试验结果,论述了气候条件、种植品种、田间管理和药剂防治四方面对马铃薯晚疫病的影响。其中气候条件对马铃薯晚疫病影响最大。     

大豆与烤烟不同套作年限对根际土壤微生物数量的影响

为克服烟田连作障碍、提高烤烟产量和质量,以大豆套作烤烟为种植模式,调查大豆与烤烟不同套作年限下根际土壤三大类群微生物和与氮代谢相关的功能性微生物群落的数量变化及其与烤烟主要土传病害的发生情况之间的相互关系。结果表明,烤烟-大豆带状套作显著增加作物根际土壤的细菌(B)、放线菌(A)数量、B/F和A/F值,减少真菌(F)数量;也提高与土壤氮素代谢相关的氨化细菌、硝酸细菌、亚硝酸细菌、自生固氮菌等功能性微生物数量;烟豆套作能降低烤烟主要土传病害的发生,其发生程度与烤烟根际土壤细菌及放线菌数量显著负相关,而与真菌数量极显著正相关。随着套作年限的延长,根际土壤的细菌(B)、放线菌(A)、B/F和A/F值以及氨化细菌、硝酸细菌、亚硝酸细菌、自生固氮菌等有益菌群数量大幅度增加,真菌(F)及反硝化细菌的数量显著减少,对烟草土传病害的相对防治效果明显提高,以上效应表现为烤烟-大豆带状套作3年(A3)烤烟-大豆带状套作2年(A2)烤烟-大豆带状套作1年(A1)。     

砂土地肥料配施对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

彩四因子干净人通用旋转设计，研究了砂土地施用有机肥、氮、肥、磷肥和钾肥对小麦产量的作用和对土壤肥力的影响及其施肥因子之间的交互作用和最适配比。结果表明：有机肥、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥与小麦产量呈二次回归关系，砂土地要提高产量和培肥地力应立足于肥料配合施用，重施有机肥，酌情多施磷肥。     

土壤不同营养状况与强筋小麦产量和品质的影响

试验研究了土壤不同营养状况对强筋小麦子粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在10个处理中,土壤长期施用N,P,K等主要营养元素且配合比为1：1：1(N120．0kg／hm^2,P2O5 120．0kg／hm^2,K2O 120．0kg／hm^2)时产量最高为5433．0kg／hm^2,不施肥(ck)产量最低为1260．0kg／hm^2;蛋白质含量以单施N素(N120．0kg／hm^2)时最高达17．00％,N、P元素配合比为1：1(N60．0kg／hm^2,P20560．0kg／hm^2)时蛋白质含量最低为10．53％;蛋白质产量以N、P配合比为3：1(N180．0kg／hm^2,P20560．0kg／hm^2)时最高为696．0kg／hm^2,以单施P素蛋白质产量最低为156．0kg／hm^2。     

Sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt in Capsicum

Summary A total of 125 novel accessions of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum baccatum L. were screened for sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). A soil infestation method with 2000 microsclerotia of V. dahliae per gram of planting medium, and a soil temperature of 25±3°C, identified 27 Capsicum accessions with resistance to Verticillium wilt. P.I. 215699 (a mixture of Capsicum baccatum var. microcarpum and Capsicum annuum), P.I. 535616 (Capsicum annuum), and P.I. 555614 (Capsicum annuum), had the lowest disease severity and the highest percentage of resistant plants.     

Methods for Rapidly Measuring the Lodging Resistance of Wheat Cultivars

Lodging resistance ratings for winter wheat cultivars are frequently based upon observations of lodging. This is an unreliable method because of the frequent occurrence of years without significant lodging events. It also does not distinguish between stem and root lodging resistance. This paper describes the development and testing of instrumentation and procedures for two field‐based methods to rapidly assess stem and root lodging resistance. Both methods used a specifically designed instrument for measuring the resistance of shoots against rotational displacement. Stem lodging resistance was assessed when the soil was dry and strong, whereas resistance to root lodging was assessed after the soil had been weakened by irrigation. Tests were carried out on 14 winter wheat cultivars grown at two sites in the UK during 2002. Both methods were able to detect statistically significant differences between the cultivars for their resistance to stem and root lodging. A comparison of these results with observations of lodging in the field showed that the methods accounted for about 60 and 50 % of the stem and root lodging respectively.     

Soil Information System Based on GIS

The GIS function and technique characteristics are introduced. With Client/Server and Browser/Server structure, the paper developed the soil information system based on GIS by using MapInfo to manager spatial data and SQL Server attribute data. The system realizes the inquire, retrieve and statistical analysis of soil fertility and classify information. The function of thematic map making, output and renew are also supported. The system does good to make better use of soil information.